2024-01-27 16:09:53
The Taklamakan Desert constitutes one of the largest moving bodies of sand in the world. Stretching west
from the ancient Silk Road trading center of Kashgar to the mysterious desert of Lop in the East, it's dunes
conceal the ruins of numerous ancient civilizations. Therefore, despite the popular rendering of "Takla Makan"
into English as "you go in, you don't come out," it's literal meaning in Turkic is "covered or locked house" or
"buried city." Traditionally looked upon with dread, caravanners related tales of strange apparitions and
alluring voices, that if succumbed to, led its members to death among the endless sea of billowing dunes.
Others, like explorers Sir Aurel Stein and Sven Hedin have trodden its sands and lived to tell their stories.
This is an epic journey which takes us right around the Taklamakan desert on both the northern and southern
arms of the Silk Road. It is a rare chance to experience the immensity of this fearful desert, as well as the
fascinating peoples who populate its oasis.
Climate
Because it lies in the rain shadow of the Himalayas,Taklamakan is a paradigmatic cold desert climate. Given
its relative proximity with the cold to frigid air masses in Siberia, extreme lows are recorded in wintertime,
sometimes well below −20 °C (−4 °F). During the 2008 Chinese winter storms episode, the Taklamakan was
reported to be covered for the first time in its entirety with a thin layer of snow reaching 4 centimetres (1.6 in),
with a temperature of −26.1 °C (−15 °F) in some observatories.Its extreme inland position, virtually in the very
heartland of Asia and thousands of kilometres from any open body of water, accounts for the cold character of
its nights even during summertime.
Oasis
The Molcha (Moleqie) River forms a vast alluvial fan at the southern border of the Taklamakan Desert, as it
leaves the Altyn-Tagh mountains and enters the desert in the western part of the Qiemo County. The left side
appears blue from water flowing in many streams. The picture is taken in May, when the river is full with the
snow/glacier meltwater.
There is very little water in the Taklamakan Desert and it is hazardous to cross. Merchant caravans on the
Silk Road would stop for relief at the thriving oasis towns.It was in close proximity to many of the ancient
civilizations—to the Northwest is the Amu Darya basin, to the southwest the Afghanistan mountain passes
lead to Iran and India, to the east is China, and even to the north ancient towns like Almaty can be found.
The key oasis towns, watered by rainfall from the mountains, were Kashgar, Marin, Niya, Yarkand, and
Khotan(Hetian) to the south, Kuqa and Turpan in the north, and Loulan and Dunhuang in the east. Now,
many, such as Marin and Gaochang, are ruined cities in sparsely inhabited areas in the Xinjiang
Autonomous Region of thePeople's Republic of China.
The archaeological treasures found in its sand-buried ruins point to Tocharian, early Hellenistic, Indian,
andBuddhist influences. Its treasures and dangers have been vividly described by Aurel Stein, Sven Hedin,
Albert von Le Coq, and Paul Pelliot.Mummies, some 4000 years old, have been found in the region.
Later, the Taklamakan was inhabited by Turkic peoples. Starting with the Tang Dynasty, the Chinese
periodically extended their control to the oasis cities of the Taklamakan Desert in order to control the
important silk routetrade across Central Asia. Periods of Chinese rule were interspersed with rule by Turkic,
Mongol and Tibetanpeoples. The present population consists largely of Turkic Uyghur people.